Family History and Geography

When you first start doing your family history, you are eager to add as many names as possible to your family tree. You know the surnames and possibly the given names of your ancestors so you start writing them down and then documenting the certificates that prove their existence.

Then, you find that your grandparents emigrated from the country that matches their name. Baker and Schmit from Germany. Larson from Sweden. Larsen from Denmark. Murphy from Ireland and so on.

Did the geography of the country affect your grandparents? I would think so. Some tiny countries have a large population. Some are surrounded by water. Some are governed by monarchs. Seamen tend to come from people living by the ocean and merchants and industrial workers come from the larger cities.

The United States has many different geological areas. Emigrants tended to migrate toward areas similar to their native country and they stuck together as neighbors, workers and club members.

They usually worshiped with the same religion that they used in the old country. Religion was a source of comfort to the lonely and often a source of welfare for the poor.

Emigrants tended to work at the same industries and jobs that they had in the old country. They tended to be poor and knew only one method of making a living.

Industrial workers went to such towns as Troy, New York. Tailors went to large cities such as New York, Chicago and Philadelphia. Merchants tended to follow other workers such as miners.

Farmers started working in farm country such as Iowa, South Dakota and Nebraska. Miners came from Cornwall and Ireland to similar mines in Michigan and Montana.

Many laborers settled temporarily in places to build tunnels and railroads. The Chinese especially would take the leavings left from quartz miners looking for gold.

When I went to Ireland to get some certificates for my family, I was struck by the similarity of the geography to my own town and state. The mountains are not as high as in my town but they look similar. Between the similarity and the extraordinary hospitality of the Irish, I felt right at home.

My grandfathers and great grandfather worked in the copper mines in Allihies in County Cork and the copper mine in Knockmahon in County Waterford in Ireland. They were encouraged to immigrate to Montana and work in the copper mines in Butte.

The timing was perfect as the mines in Ireland had been worked dry since the famine in the 1850s. Fertile farmland in the area around the mine in Waterford contributed to the better status of those miners, but they still all emigrated to mines in Michigan and Montana.

I have not visited the copper mines in Michigan, but I know the geography of Allihies in Ireland is very similar to the geography of Butte, Montana, home of "the richest hill on earth."

Elizabeth Larsen has researched her family tree for 35 years. For more information on beginning a good genealogy and many tips, go to http://www.squidoo.com/basicgenealogy

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Elizabeth_Larsen

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Choosing Genealogy Software: What Features To Look For

Author: Julia West

Genealogy software is likely your best tool for organizing the research of your family's history. Most of the software available today can connect people according to relationships, sort and combine individuals into family trees, locate and delete duplicate entries, and help uncover errors and solve problems. The best genealogy software packages give you comprehensive charts and reports for organizing your data, and for viewing the development of your genealogy research.

To find the right genealogy software, do NOT rely just on the software manufacturer's description of the program. You must also read both professional and customer reviews of the software. (A good source for customer reviews is Amazon.com.)

Choosing the right genealogy software can make a tremendous difference in the course of your research. Following are some important criteria for selecting the best genealogy program to meet your needs:

- Ease of use. The software should be intuitive and user-friendly in order to meet the needs of both beginners and experienced computer users.

- Ease of setup and installation. The genealogy software's installation process should be simple and straightforward.

- Feature set. The software should be equipped with numerous features for organizing and researching family historical information, including charts, reports, web access, searching capabilities, and other useful ways of storing data. Some genealogy software programs allow you to import information from online databases (such as Social Security death records, or pictures of census forms).

The various charts and reports should include:

• Ancestor charts. They show the direct lineage of a person's ancestors.

• Narrative reports of the ancestors. These are reports written in a story form, similar to books. They start with a specific individual, and are then followed by stories from his or her lineage. Sharing this research with your friends and family members can be enriching and enlightening.

• Family charts. These charts show entire families, including the wife, husband, and children.

• Family trees. A family tree shows multiple generations, and can be a thing of great beauty. The software should allow you to print a family tree in several different formats.

- Ample help and documentation. The genealogy software developer should provide help in various forms. The help can include FAQs, phone and email support, product tutorials, and online video courses. A bonus would be a support forum, where software users often help each other.

Using genealogy software is an excellent method for researching your family history in an organized and convenient fashion. Try it just once, and you'll NEVER go back to keeping your records using pen and paper again.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/genealogy-articles/choosing-genealogy-software-what-features-to-look-for-4767683.html

About the Author

Julia West is an enthusiastic budding genealogist. Enjoy her free 5-part mini-course for genealogy newbies at http://www.findmyancestorsforfree.com.

Find your Ancestors through Census Records

Author: Amy Yencer

There are other countries that conducted census records prior to 1790, but the United States was the first nation to mandate a census in the Constitution. Article One, Section Two states that at least every ten years an “actual Enumeration” needs to be taken of the population. This has enabled genealogists, with the single most sought after document, to gain information about their family heritage.

In 1790, Federal Marshals had the job of visiting every house and recording their findings. The first census only contained six questions: name of the head of house, number of persons in the household, number of free white males over the age of sixteen, numbers of free white males under the age of sixteen, and the sexes and colors of everyone in the household. Since then every decade had produced another census. Each census has improved with more information making it easier to trace your ancestors.

Over the years, the census has changed according to what issues were important to our ancestors at the time. By 1820, the census did take into account women and “free colored persons” to show how our economy was expanding. By 1850, the census contained “social statistics;” which gives us insight to schooling that people had obtained, crime in that time period, and taxes. Later “Enumerations” reflect many turns that America was taking with the increasing number of immigrants. The 1900 census asks if foreign born, year of immigration and whether they have the ability to speak English or not. In 1920 the year of naturalization was polled.

The United States census can help you discover facts about your ancestors and fill in missing event information, helping to build your family tree. Among the information you can discover: birth dates, birth places, place of residence, occupations, income, immigration years, naturalization status, and more. Another benefit of using the census is finding families, giving the genealogist the ability to add missing ancestors, such as children and grandparents.

Censuses are available as Population Schedules. There are also Special Census Schedules that included: slave schedules, state records, agricultural schedules, mortality schedules, manufactures, social statistics, defective classes, and others are available. The state and mortality censuses just might help you with tracing your ancestors. Mortality schedules were recorded 1860, 1870, and 1880. Census takers were directed to secure additional information for persons dying with the 12 months preceding the census taking. For each person, the following information is listed: name, age, sex, marital status if married or widowed, state or country of birth, month of death, occupation, cause of death, and the length of the final illness. These schedules may be the only record of death for some individuals, as many states did not require recording of deaths until the late nineteenth century. In addition, gravestones or cemetery records may be nonexistent.

Some Noteworthy Tips

When looking for your ancestor, remember to look for them using different spellings. Many Census takers often wrote the name the best they could with the way it sounded. And people, who have indexed online databases, have erroneously made mistakes in recording names and information too.

If you are looking at copies of microfilms, don’t overlook the other people on the same page or the page before or after your ancestor. Many times, relatives lived in the same household, or within houses from each other.

Counties grew and developed over time either as land was expanded or by changing of boarders. This can be of importance to finding other ancestors and documents that are often filed by county such as Wills, Taxation lists, and Deeds.

The 1890 census records are almost completely destroyed and others have been lost. The best place to find what is available for each county is through Family Search, you can also use our guide below for general state information.

When you find a person you are looking for, remember there often is the same name, living in the same area. Verify the information belongs to your ancestor before you record the source and its details.

The 1940 census will be made available to the public on April 1, 2012 by the National Archives and Records Administration.

Connect, share, discover and record your family history with our online Family Tree software program.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/genealogy-articles/find-your-ancestors-through-census-records-1407624.html

About the Author

Amy Yencer, I have been researching my family history for several years. I am the marketing manager of ourFamilyology; a new online genealogy software program that educates, inspires, and helps people to grow their family tree. Visit us as www.family-genealogy. For comments, I can be contacted at amy.yencer@ourfamilyology.com

Celebrate Your Family History: 10 Activities to Preserve Your Family Story

Author: Susan Saunders

Your family history, your heritage, is too important to let slip away. Set aside an afternoon for you and your family to discover you history and what makes your family unique.

Here are 10 activities your family can do together to learn more about their history and how the actions and decisions of their ancestors affected who they are today. These activities will help to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation for your foundations and will provide a more complete record of your distinctive history that will be treasured for generations to come.

1. 
   

   Make a Family Tree

   Ask one person to sketch a family tree on a large piece of paper while everyone contributes information. Encourage Grandma and Grandpa to share what they remember of the older generations and have the younger children locate their positions on the tree. Later, make decorative copies of the family tree and give one to each family member. Frame them for a lovely gift!

2. 
   

   Start a Family Journal

   Recruit your fastest write to record the stories and information in a journal that will come to light throughout the afternoon or evening. Divide the journal into four sections: one for individual 'Family Members', one for 'General Family' stories and information, one for 'Family Gratitude', and one for 'Legacy'. Ask a lot of questions to get the best stories! Later, transfer this priceless information to a more durable keepsake book or post to an online family wesite for all to enjoy.

3. 
   

   Put Faces to Names

   Blow the dust off the box, bag or album containing old family photos and together, identify the subjects in the pictures. Discuss where that person fits into the family tree and who they most resemble. Note any other historical information that is known. This is also the perfect time to label any unlabeled photos with names, dates, ages, locations, and any other relevant information. Use a soft lead pencil on pre-1950's photos and a felt tip marker on post 1950 photos. Never use a ball point pen as it can damage the photos.

4. 
   

   Generation Preservation

   Old photos are fragile and cannot be replaced once lost or damaged. Consider scanning the images to computer or disc so they can be preserved digitally, a more resilient format and one that can be shared easily. Digital images can also be repaired if they are damaged and organized into a video slide show documenting your family history.

5. 
   

   Their Turn

   Shine the spotlight on Grandma and Grandpa and encourage them to talk candidly about their experiences growing up. Go ahead, ask questions as often a little probing can reveal a treasure trove of fascinating stories and family history. Consider recording these stories in video or audio format so help future generations can connect on a more personal level. For something a bit more special, a Family Documentary Family Documentary can capture their life story and your family history by weaving a filmed interview with photographs, maps, and other memorabilia to create a modern day 'moving' portrait.

6. 
   

   Where in the World

   Using a world map or globe, point out where the family originated from and the different places they lived. Ask the children to trace the route the family may have taken between the locations. Discuss why, when and how the family came to America (or their current location) and the challenges and emotions they faced throughout their journey. A quick internet search can reveal the historical context of their immigration.

7. 
   

   Generation Transformation

   Looking over the Family Tree, discuss what life was like for each generation; their professions, living conditions, education, opportunities, and limitations, and how their experiences affected the next generation and ultimately the family as it is today. Have the children make a list of all the different family professions.

8. 
   

   We are Family

   Identify any family traditions, characteristics, family traits, values, and practices that have been passed down through the generations. Discuss why, when and where they may have begun and and their significance within the family.This is a great time to ask Grandma why she makes the special dish for Thanksgiving, or to compare your artistic skills with Grandpa.

9. 
   

   Family Gratitude

   Ask each family member identify an experience or decision an ancestor (or current family member) made that contributed to a better life for their descendants. Discuss what their perspective may have been at the time, and whether they could have imagined the impact their experience or decision would ultimately have their descendants.

10. 
    

    Leave a Legacy

    Finally, ask each family member to reflect upon what they would like their own family contribution-their legacy-to be and why. Encourage everyone to share how they envision their contribution to impact on future generations. Now, take a portrait and label it with names, the date and your location and add it to the family journal.

    Your family history changes every day. Begin a new family tradition by using these activities to embrace and celebrate the past while guiding you family as they look to the future.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/genealogy-articles/celebrate-your-family-history-10-activities-to-preserve-your-family-story-3666612.html

About the Author

Susan (Saunders) Soble preserves life stories and family history for future generations through Personal and Family Documentary. She is the owner and production manager at Family Line Studios.

English Occupations: Finding More About Your Ancestor

Whilst rooting around in your family history, you will learn what your ancestors did for a living - at least as far back to the early 1800s. This is often one of the most fascinating aspects of discovering who your ancestors were. Whether they were a lowly agricultural labourer, or a highly respected surgeon or magistrate, the curious and wide range of English occupations can lead you to further knowledge of how they lived their lives on a day to day basis. For some people it can be exciting to discover that a creative gene, such as writing or painting has made its way down to the present.

Much of this information can be found on the census, at least back to 1841, and sometimes beyond depending on the availability of records. Some earlier parish records did mention a man's occupation, and other records, such as directories, wills, property deeds and tax records can also give occupational details.

Many of you will have come across occupations that are now obsolete, and will often need further explanation. What, for example, is a night soil man? Or a calenderer? Or a fag ender?

The first of these might have been found in any large town or city, emptying dry toilets in the days before plumbing. Not a job I would like to imagine any of my ancestors doing - but fascinating nonetheless.

The other two are connected to the textile industry, and will usually be found in those industrial areas where cotton was being produced - for example, Manchester. A calenderer was just a generic term for a textile industry worker. A fag ender was someone employed to trim off loose bits of cloth known as fags.

If you trawl through the census records for specific areas, you will of course find a wealth of occupations connected to that area's industry. Sticking with Manchester for the moment, you will find many jobs associated with the cotton industry, and among the weavers, winders, packers and piecers you might also come across Fustian cutters (cloth workers who trim corded cloth), beamers (people who handle materials before weaving), billiers, billy roller operations or billymen (all terms for cotton spinners) or even an impleachers (cloth weavers).

When you find that an ancestor's origins are in a particular area, it is worth while finding out about the major industries there, because this will no doubt have had some effect on your ancestor's life, even if he (or she) was not directly involved in it.

For example, shoemakers are known everywhere - but a shoemaker working in Manchester would probably have had a different experience to a shoemaker who worked in a more rural area, or on the coast. Is he making shoes for factory workers, agricultural labourers, fishermen or for the well-to-do?

If your ancestor moved around, it was very likely it was to find work. Undertaking a bit of historical research on the local industries can give you a good indication of why your ancestor moved from one town to another. My own great-great grandfather started out as a bricklayer in Newcastle-under-Lyme, and moved to Birmingham where he became a builder and employer. You only need to find out about the building boom going on in Birmingham in the mid-19th century to work out why he made the choice to move!

Some occupations can lead you to finding further documentation. For example, workers in skilled trades may well have started out as an apprentice, and you may find the apprenticeship records at the local record office. These can give you further details about his origins and parentage.

If your ancestor worked for a big company, it may be worth finding out whether there are staff records in existence. If the company still exists, they may even keep their own set of archives.

Not only are occupations interesting in themselves - they can lead you to find out further information, whether it is more family records, or information about how your ancestor lived, and under what conditions. Much information about trades and occupations can be found on the internet, and there are many books about various trades and industries. The Society of Genealogists publishes a range of books entitled "My Ancestor was...."

Old English occupations are varied and wide-ranging, and they can tell you much about your ancestor. Make sure you always follow up this line of enquiry and find out as much as possible about what he (or she) did for a living.

Ros is a professional genealogist and runs a UK ancestry tracing service for UK and international researchers who need help with their UK ancestry. Ros offers a one-stop-shop tracing service for all UK ancestors, or record look-ups in Warwickshire and Birmingham. Find out more at Tracing Your Ancestors

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Rosamunde_Bott

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6045634

‘IGI’ is a road map to your ancestry

Author: Peter N. Collins

ONE of the fundamental building blocks for anyone searching their pedigree is the International Genealogical Index, or the IGI.

The IGI is a finding tool for a computer file that lists several hundred million names of deceased persons from throughout the world.

It also lists some vital information, such as a birth or marriage date and place.

Many names in the index come from transcriptions of vital records from the early 1500s to 1885. Others have been submitted by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints, also known as Mormons.

The IGI is available on the Internet, on compact disc (CD), and on microfiche.

Copies of the IGI may be viewed at any LDS Family History Centre throughout the world, or any of the established genealogy societies, as well as most capital city municipal libraries.

It is primarily an index to Mormon temple work for individuals, which explains why there are often multiple entries for the same person.

LDS Church members have often submitted names for temple work to be done without having first found out whether it has been done before.

There are various reasons why this has been very difficult to do in the past.

There seems to be a general recognition that there are two main kinds of entries in the IGI, those submitted by church members (often called patrons) and those extracted directly from original records.

Family historians and other researchers tend to trust the latter entries, and it is relatively easy to check out the original source. If using the IGI on microfiche, these extracted entries usually have a batch number beginning with C or M or occasionally another letter, but some begin with numbers.

The CD-ROM edition gives pretty complete information for each entry. But if you’re using the IGI on fiche there is no substitute for reading detailed instructional material about this.

For anyone with an Internet connection, the IGI can be found on-line at this address: www.familysearch.org. It's all free.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/genealogy-articles/igi-is-a-road-map-to-your-ancestry-1007792.html

About the Author

Professional genealogist, local historian, broadcaster, editor and author, Peter N. Collins, founded Garrison Communications Family History Research Services in 1995. He whet his genealogy appetite with the launch of the Alexander Henderson Award-winning book, Ordinary People, Extraordinary Lives: A History of the Maudsley Family, in 1988. Offering commissioned family history and archival research services, Peter serves an Australian and international clientele who typically have ancestral links with Queensland. Garrison Communications stocks state-of-the-art genealogy research software and other information technology equipment (including the ScanPro 2000).

Family History Stumbling Blocks with the English Parish Records

Author: Nick Thorne

Sometimes our research can become bogged down as we work on our family history. Not the least of which is in the area of Parish Records. Some time back, when I was starting out on this quest to find my ancestors, I was introduced to this list of twelve stumbling blocks while I was doing an on-line course with Pharos Tutors. Some of the hurdles below can be got around, while others are not so easy to get past!

1. Handwriting - It can be fiendishly difficult to decipher and it may vary enormously from parish to parish depending on the vicar or clerk writing it. The art of reading old handwriting is called palaeography and you may find various books available to purchase from bookshops. There are guides on-line at The National Archives website http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/Palaeography/ and another one at Scotland's Peoples website http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/. This latter site is worth a look even if you don't have Scottish ancestors as their guide is really useful to family historians.

2. Mistakes in the documents - the registers are often no more than copies of the original daily memorandum book. These may have been written up once a year and so the possibility of mistakes creeping in or entries being left out becomes a real possibility. If this has happened to the records you need to use there is no real work around here other than finding an alternate data sources.

3. Gaps in the registers or they are missing altogether is another frustrating problem with no real remedy.

4. Details may be lacking in the records as there was no standard applied as to what should be recorded.

5. Before 1733 most legal documents would be written in Latin although surnames, at least, would not be translated into Latin. My solution here is to do a search on the Internet for a Latin to English translation page, where by entering the Latin into the box an English translation is produced.

6. Spelling of surnames may vary from the norm. Stop and think of likely spellings for the way a name may have sounded to the writer. Remember also to consider the local accent when doing this.

7. Can't find baptismal records? Perhaps the children were not baptised at all or were christened when they were older? In one of my branches four or five were all baptised together on the same day! Remember to keep looking for several years.

8. Periods of non-conformity. Again, in my same paternal line, I find several children christened in the established church and then several more in the Presbyterian chapel, before they return to the Church of England. The lesson I learnt from this was not to assume that they were C of E from cradle to grave.

9. Illegitimacy - Have you an ancestor whose parentage is in doubt? Make a search of the local poor law records such as Bastardy bonds if you are unable to find your ancestor in the Parish Records.

10. A person giving their details to the minister may have been mistaken and not know where they were born. The solution here is to widen your search to other parishes.

11. People moved about more than many expect so be prepared to look at surrounding Parishes from the one you assume your ancestors hailed from.

Similarly the family may have moved into the area from a different parish. Here you should do a search of parishes on the IGI or the County Record Office for a ten mile radius. A great piece of software to help find the names of the neighbouring parishes is the Parish Locator free from this website: http://www.yorksgen.co.uk/

12. The change of the calendar in 1752 may be a pitfall for you to tumble into if you are not aware of it. England and Wales adopted the Gregorian calendar in September 1752.

- 11 days were omitted - the day after 2nd September 1752 became the 14th September.

- The first day of the year, or Supputation of the Year became the 1st of January.

- Prior to this in England and Wales, the year began on Lady Day, or the 25th March. This would mean that the 24th of March 1750 would be the last day of 1750 and the next day was the 25th of March 1751, and a new year.

The Calendar Act 1750 changed this situation, so that the day after 31 December 1751 was 1 January 1752. As a consequence, 1751 was a very short year - it ran only from 25 March to 31 December.

The year had previously been broken up into quarters, still in use for some legal practices, Lady Day (25th March), Midsummers Day (24th June), Michaelmas Day (29th September) and Christmas day 25th December).

To throw even more confusion into this situation, Scotland had already changed the first day of the year to 1 January in 1600 and so 1599 was a short year there ( remember that in 1600, Scotland was a completely separate kingdom from England as the United Kingdom had not come into being yet).

What has to be recognised is that when King James VI of Scotland also became King James I of England in 1603, the possibilities of date confusion must have been very large indeed across his two kingdoms.

So remember that there are stumbling blocks just waiting to trip you up. Some you can do little about but others need the application of a little effort to get around. Good luck as you research your ancestors.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/home-and-family-articles/family-history-stumbling-blocks-with-the-english-parish-records-1590370.html

About the Author

Nick Thorne, alias: The Nosey Genealogist, shares the secret tips and tricks, learnt from professional family historians, so that you can break down your brickwalls in family history. Nick provides reports, podcasts and screencast videos to help you succeed in your online search for your ancestors. Want to learn more about Beginning Family History Online? Claim Nick's free weekly tips and tricks, available at:=>
http://www.NoseyGenealogist.com

Trade Directories - What Are They & How Can They Help Find Your Ancestors?

Commercial directories first started to be published for cities and large towns in the UK in the early 1800's, although London directories started in 1734. They were originally aimed at commercial travellers, and contained general information about each town, and lists of churches, schools, inns, prominent residents such as JP's, farmers, shopkeepers and other local traders.
Some private residents were also included, in the earlier directories they tended to be just the wealthy, but they later became more comprehensive in their coverage and included the names and addresses of more and more private residents.

By the mid 1800's a city directory would be quite a substantial volume including thousands of names and would usually be divided into four sections covering:
1: Commercial - A general alphabetical list of all traders
2: Trades - Alphabetical lists for particular trades and businesses.
3: Streets - A list of tradesmen and residents arranged by street.
4: Court - Lists of wealthier residents, local officials, etc.

Directories are an important source to use to track down your ancestors, particularly when they have moved, or sold a business. For example if an ancestor has been a trader for 5 years you should be able to find them listed each year, and if they do then not appear in the next years directory you can look in the street section to see who is living at that address, is it someone else carrying on the same trade who has perhaps bought your ancestors business, or has your relative died or moved house. If they are still living in the same town then you should be able to find them listed in the commercial section if they are still carrying out the same trade.

Copies of directories are held in local archives, libraries, and many have been reprinted in book form or have been scanned onto a CD, and can be purchased over the internet.

I have a collection of around 275 directories and other source books that I have personally scanned to CD over the past ten years that are available to purchase at just £5.00 each plus postage. Enquiries to stevejgarton@lineone.net

PIGOTS 1834 DIRECTORY – YORKSHIRE (Transcript)
PIGOTS 1834 DIRECTORY – DURHAM & NORTHUMBERLAND
1829 DIRECTORY – DURHAM & NORTHUMBERLAND
SCARBOROUGH & DISTRICT 1920 DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1936 DIRECTORY – HULL & NEIGHBOURHOOD
HULL & DISTRICT 1951 TRADES DIRECTORY
YORK & DISTRICT 1951 TRADES DIRECTORY
BAINES YORKSHIRE PAST & PRESENT
THE MIDDLE VALLEY OF THE WHARFE
PICTURESQUE HISTORY OF YORKSHIRE – BEVERLEY & WOLDS
YORKSHIRE THOROUGH GUIDE
YORKSHIRE HILL FOLK
YORKSHIRE RECIPES
NOTES ON SOUTH CAVE CHURCH 1882
1873 RETURN OF LAND OWNERS – DURHAM
1873 RETURN OF LAND OWNERS – NORTHUMBERLAND
EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE BRITISH LEGION HANDBOOK 1937
PIGOTS 1828-9 DIRECTORY – CHESHIRE
PIGOTS 1828-9 DIRECTORY – DERBYSHIRE
PIGOTS 1828-9 DIRECTORY – NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
PIGOTS 1828-9 DIRECTORY – SHROPSHIRE
LIVERPOOL DIRECTORY 1766
BAINES 1824 DIRECTORY – LANCASHIRE (Volume 1)
BURNLEY & DISTRICT 1953 TRADES DIRECTORY
PLYMOUTH & DISTRICT 1943 TRADES DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1883 DIRECTORY – CAMBRIDGESHIRE
KELLYS 1883 DIRECTORY – NORFOLK
KELLYS 1914 DIRECTORY – BEDFORDSHIRE
KELLYS 1914 DIRECTORY – HUNTINGDONSHIRE
KELLYS 1914 DIRECTORY – NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
KELLYS 1931 DIRECTORY – GLOUCESTERSHIRE
KELLYS 1941 DIRECTORY – OXFORD
KELLYS 1946 DIRECTORY – BIRMINGHAM
KELLYS 1950 DIRECTORY – BATH
NORTHANTS PARISH REGISTERS
CRANFORD ST ANDREW & CRANFORD ST JOHN PARISH REGISTERS
THE ROMANCE OF PARISH REGISTERS
HISTORY OF THE WEST YORKSHIRE REGIMENT
KELLYS 1883 DIRECTORY – SUFFOLK
WHITES 1850 DIRECTORY – DEVON
KELLYS 1936 DIRECTORY – ESHER & COBHAM
SOMERSET HOUSE CHAPEL MIDDLESEX
HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE ON TYNE
MANNIX & WHELLAN 1847 DIRECTORY – CUMBERLAND
RUSHDEN PARK ROAD BAPTIST SUNDAY SCHOOL 1810 – 1910
YORKSHIRE COUNTY MAGAZINE
BULMERS 1890 DIRECTORY – NORTH YORKSHIRE
EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE PLACE NAMES
BENNETTS 1901 BUSINESS DIRECTORY 7 COUNTIES
BENNETTS 1901 BUSINESS DIRECTORY BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
BENNETTS 1901 BUSINESS DIRECTORY CAMBRIDGESHIRE
BENNETTS 1901 BUSINESS DIRECTORY LEICESTERSHIRE
BENNETTS 1901 BUSINESS DIRECTORY LINCOLNSHIRE
BENNETTS 1901 BUSINESS DIRECTORY NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
BENNETTS 1901 BUSINESS DIRECTORY OXFORDSHIRE
BENNETTS 1901 BUSINESS DIRECTORY WARWICKSHIRE
NEWCASTLE & GATESHEAD YEAR BOOK 1914
WEST YORKSHIRE 1900 COUNTY BLUE BOOK & COURT GUIDE
LEEDS GRAMMAR SCHOOL ADMISSION BOOKS 1820 – 1900
KELLYS 1931 DIRECTORY – WIMBLEDON & MERTON
SOUTH CAVE PARISH REGISTERS
KELLYS 1935 DIRECTORY – READING
NORTON PARISH REGISTER 1559 – 1812
HISTORICAL GLEANINGS OF BOLTON
KELLYS 1933 DIRECTORY – CAMBRIDGESHIRE
KELLYS 1935 DIRECTORY – DORSET
KELLYS 1936 DIRECTORY – CHESTER
MONK FRYSTON PARISH REGISTER 1538 – 1678
DOMESTIC ANNALS OF SCOTLAND
KELLYS 1888 DIRECTORY – CAMBRIDGESHIRE
KELLYS 1888 DIRECTORY – NORFOLK
KELLYS 1888 DIRECTORY – SUFFOLK
KELLYS 1926 DIRECTORY – HEREFORDSHIRE
KELLYS 1926 DIRECTORY – SHROPSHIRE
KELLYS 1935 DIRECTORY – BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE – ITS LAND & PEOPLE
WHITES 1872 DIRECTORY – LINCOLNSHIRE
KELLYS 1929 DIRECTORY – NORTH & EAST RIDINGS OF YORKSHIRE
BULMERS 1905 DIRECTORY – WESTMORELAND
KELLYS 1937 DIRECTORY – HERTFORDSHIRE
KELLYS 1940 DIRECTORY – STAFFORDSHIRE
KELLYS 1940 DIRECTORY – WARWICKSHIRE
KELLYS 1940 DIRECTORY – WORCESTERSHIRE
KELLYS 1923 DIRECTORY – WILTSHIRE
NORTHUMBERLAND PEOPLE & PLACES
BULMERS 1886 DIRECTORY OF NORTHUMBERLAND (HEXHAM DIVISION)
WARDS 1930 DIRECTORY – REDCAR, MIDDLESBOROUGH, STOCKTON
THE NAVY LIST 1855
NATIONAL ROLL OF THE GREAT WAR – SECTION 1
WARDS 1930 DIRECTORY – NEWCASTLE, NORTH & SOUTH SHIELDS, JARROW
KELLYS 1895 DIRECTORY OXFORDSHIRE
BAINES 1823 DIRECTORY – EAST & NORTH RIDINGS OF YORKSHIRE
KELLYS 1939 DIRECTORY – SOMERSET
THE ROYAL KALENDAR 1827
A SCHOOL HISTORY OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE
OLD YORKSHIRE (NEW SERIES 1890)
HISTORY OF SOUTH CAVE & OTHER PARISHES
KELLYS 1928 DIRECTORY – IPSWICH
WHITES 1853 DIRECTORY – LEEDS, BRADFORD, HALIFAX, HUDDERSFIELD CD
THE ROMANCE OF THE YORKSHIRE COAST
KELLYS 1880 DIRECTORY – HAMPSHIRE & THE ISLE OF WIGHT
THE SNAPPER – 1929 JOURNAL OF THE EAST YORKSHIRE REGIMENT
1933 TRADES DIRECTORY – MANCHESTER
1933 TRADES DIRECTORY – MANCHESTER DISTRICT
1933 TRADES DIRECTORY – BOLTON, OLDHAM, ROCHDALE, STOCKPORT
1933 TRADES DIRECTORY – CHESHIRE
ARMY LIST 1865
YORK CITY GUIDE
KELLYS 1880 DORSET DIRECTORY
WARDS 1921 DIRECTORY SUNDERLAND, WALLSEND, NEWCASTLE GATESHEAD
REMINISCENCES OF OLD SHEFFIELD
KELLYS 1936 LEICS & RUTLAND DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1880 WILTSHIRE DIRECTORY
BIRMINGHAM 1818 DIRECTORY
NORTHOWRAM REGISTER
BRADFORD FIFTY YEARS AGO
HISTORY OF BRIGHOUSE, RASTRICK & HIPPERHOLME
GIGGLESWICK SCHOOL REGISTER
GAZETTEER OF SCOTLAND
1936 REGISTER OF ELECTORS - TONBRIDGE
HISTORY OF THE SUFFOLK REGIMENT 1914 - 1927
HIGHWAYS & BYWAYS IN HAMPSHIRE
HIGHWAYS & BYWAYS IN YORKSHIRE
HIGHWAYS & BYWAYS IN KENT
BRITISH FAMILY NAMES
STORY OF THE NORTH COUNTRY
ST GEORGE'S GAZETTE - 1896 JOURNAL OF THE NORTHUMBERLAND FUSILIERS
THE ROMANCE OF NORTHUMBERLAND
OXFORD AS IT WAS
HISTORY OF THE ROYAL SUSSEX REGIMENT
TOPOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF WORCESTERSHIRE & YORKSHIRE
BYGONE YORKSHIRE
THE CENTURYS PROGRESS - YORKSHIRE
THE COUNTY OF THE WHITE ROSE
TOPCLIFFE & MORLEY REGISTERS
BYGONE BURY
KELLYS 1912 ESSEX DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1855 DURHAM & NORTHUMBERLAND DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1855 YORKSHIRE DIRECTORY
1871 CENSUS STRAYS V1
HISTORY OF GIRLINGTON WESLEYAN CHURCH & SUNDAY SCHOOL
THE ANNALS OF MANCHESTER
1915 LIVERPOOL DIRECTORY
OLD & NEW NOTTINGHAM
KELLYS 1912 MIDDLESEX DIRECTORY
HAMPSTEAD 1939 DIRECTORY
EDINBURGH PAST & PRESENT
ANNALS OF LEEDS
GORES 1814 LIVERPOOL DIRECTORY
BAINES 1825 DIRECTORY – LANCASHIRE (Volume 2)
BAINES 1824/5 LANCASHIRE DIRECTORY (2 Vols)
MANNEX 1851 WESTMORLAND DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1896 WARWICKSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1912 HERTFORDSHIRE DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1839 KENT DIRECTORY
LEWIS TOPOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF ENGLAND
KELLYS 1903 SUSSEX DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1839 SURREY DIRECTORY
LUTON BURGESS ROLLS
KELLYS 1922 SHROPSHIRE DIRECTORY
WILLIAMSONS 1773 EDINBURGH DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 BERKSHIRE DIRECTORY
CHELTENHAM REGISTER
PIGOTS 1830 BUCKS DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1890 NORTHANTS DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1839 SUSSEX DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1890 BEDFORDSHIRE DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 BEDFORDSHIRE DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 CAMBRIDGESHIRE DIRECTORY
LANCASHIRE MILITIA
KELLYS 1890 HUNTINGDONSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1935 PORTSMOUTH DIRECTORY
SIDCUP 1938 DIRECTORY
HARROW REGISTER
WHITES 1882 LINCOLNSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1929 ESSEX DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 CORNWALL DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 GLOUCS DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 HANTS DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 DEVON DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 NORFOLK DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 SUFFOLK DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 NORTHANTS DIRECTORY
WARDS 1897 SHIELDS DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 DORSET DIRECTORY
WARDS 1897 SUNDERLAND DIRECTORY
WARDS 1897 NEWCASTLE DIRECTORY
WARDS 1897 GATESHEAD DIRECTORY
GLASGOW 1943/4 POST OFFICE DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 HEREFORDSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1939 BERKSHIRE DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 HUNTS DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1947 NEWCASTLE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1939 OXFORDSHIRE DIRECTORY
HALDENS 1893 STAFFORD DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 OXON DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1902 DURHAM DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 WALES DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1902 NORTHUMBERLAND DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 SOMERSET DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1939 DEVON DIRECTORY
NATIONAL ROLL OF THE GREAT WAR - SECTION 7
KELLYS 1939 CORNWALL DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1830 WILTSHIRE DIRECTORY
WHITES 1846 LEICESTERSHIRE DIRECTORY
BULMERS 1887 NORTHUMBERLAND DIRECTORY
LONDON MARRIAGES
KELLYS 1890 HERTFORDSHIRE DIRECTORY
MELVILLES 1861 NORTHANTS DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1839 ESSEX DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1931 BERKSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1918 LINCS DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1938 SURREY DIRECTORY
FYNES HISTORY OF NORTHUMBERLAND & DURHAM MINERS
HUNTS 1851 DORSET DIRECTORY
WHITES 1863 ESSEX DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1839 HERTFORDSHIRE DIRECTORY
HISTORIC & PICTURESQUE INNS OF OLD ENGLAND
PIGOTS 1839 MIDDLESEX DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1918 HULL DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1854 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE POST OFFICE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1931 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1894 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1854 HUNTINGDONSHIRE POST OFFICE DIRECTORY
FETTES COLLEGE REGISTER 1870 - 1909
KELLYS 1854 CAMBRIDGESHIRE POST OFFICE DIRECTORY
THE ROSSALL REGISTER 1844 - 1913
KELLYS 1854 NORFOLK POST OFFICE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1928 DERBYSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1931 OXFORDSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1854 SUFFOLK POST OFFICE DIRECTORY
WRIGHTS 1879 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1928 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1928 LEICESTERSHIRE & RUTLAND DIRECTORY
BENNETTS 1910 YORKSHIRE BUSINESS DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1846 LEINSTER DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1893 CORNWALL DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1846 CONNAUGHT & MUNSTER DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1936 WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1846 ULSTER DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1846 LEEDS & SHEFFIELD DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1846 MANCHESTER & SALFORD DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1846 LIVERPOOL DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1846 GLASGOW DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1846 BIRMINGHAM DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1846 BRISTOL DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1886 DERBY DIRECTORY
COPES 1924 CHESHIRE DIRECTORY
1911 MANCHESTER ROYAL EXCHANGE DIRECTORY
BAINES 1822 WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE DIRECTORY
WHITES 1885 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1925 CUMBERLAND DIRECTORY
BAINES 1822 LONDON DIRECTORY
DURHAM SCHOOL REGISTER
KELLYS 1925 WESTMORLAND DIRECTORY
NATIONAL ROLL OF THE GREAT WAR - SECTION 13
NATIONAL ROLL OF THE GREAT WAR - SECTION 12
KELLYS 1893 DEVON DIRECTORY
WARDS 1939 SUNDERLAND & WALLSEND DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1874 BIRMINGHAM DIRECTORY
WARDS 1939 NEWCASTLE DIRECTORY
WHITES 1851 STAFFORDSHIRE DIRECTORY
WARDS 1939 GATESHEAD DIRECTORY
BULMERS 1895 DERBYSHIRE DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1828 LANCASHIRE DIRECTORY
EDINBURGH ACADEMY REGISTER
WHITES 1850 WARWICKSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1922 CAMBRIDGESHIRE DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1828 YORKSHIRE DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1947 LEEDS DIRECTORY
SLATERS 1863 BIRMINGHAM DIRECTORY
KELLYS 1891 SUSSEX DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1835 STAFFORDSHIRE DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1835 WARWICKSHIRE DIRECTORY
PIGOTS 1835 WORCESTERSHIRE DIRECTORY
LONDON 1896 DIRECTORY